Bright Island

Bright Island
by Mabel Louise Robinson

Genre: Historical Fiction
Interest Level: Grades 5-8
Reading Level: V
Where to find this book: Boston Public Library

Thankful Curtis has lived her whole life on a small island off the coast of Maine. The Curtis family has lived there alone, farming the land for many generations. Thankful exuberantly swims in the cold ocean water every morning in spring, summer, and fall. She spends hours in her small sailboat she built with her grandfather. She helps her father in the hay fields and cutting wood. When Thankful's grandfather passed away, he left money enough for her to attend high school on the mainland. Her father wants her to learn "what a girl is for." But Thankful does not want to wear stylish girls' clothes and attend school away from Bright Island. She loves the only home she's ever known. Thankful attends a private academy for wealthy teenagers. Not only does she not know how (or even want) to dress like them, she doesn't even know how to act and talk like them. This becomes a problem at her school's first dance--she does not know how to dance! But it turns out that her rich classmates have a lot to learn from her too. To discover how Thankful survives her first year away from home at a school where everyone is different from her, read Bright Island.

I enjoyed reading about life on a Maine island in the early 1900s. Robinson describes the beautiful Maine coastal scenery in full detail. She describes an old-fashioned way of life with horse-powered farm machinery and wood stoves. If you like to read historical fiction about the coast of Maine, then you'll enjoy this Newbery Award-winning book!

The Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter

An 1856 winter storm off the coast of Maine isolated Matinicus Rock Light from contact with the mainland for twenty-one days. Its keeper, Samuel Burgess, went to the mainland for supplies the day before the storm arrived. While Burgess was stranded on the mainland for three weeks, his sixteen-year old daughter Abbie heroically tended the two lighthouses and cared for her sisters and ill mother. At least three nonfiction children's books have been written telling the now famous story of Abbie Burgess: 1) Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie (1985) by Peter and Connie Roop, 2) a graphic novel, The Stormy Adventure of Abbie Burgess, Lighthouse Keeper (2011), also by Peter and Connie Roop, 3) and Abbie Against the Storm (1999) by Marcia K. Vaughan. A fictional adaptation, The Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter by Arielle North Olson, also utilizes many details of the Burgess story.

The Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter
by Ariele North Olson;
illustrated by Elaine Wentworth
(From: Amazon)

   

In The Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter, Miranda tends the lamps of an island lighthouse in Maine while her father is stranded on the mainland during a winter storm. Miranda and her mother are forced to ration their supplies over the few weeks it takes for her father to return. He eventually returns with a small boat of supplies, including flower seeds sent by Miranda's grandmother. Miranda noted and lamented the barrenness of the small island when she and her parents first arrived there. When spring arrives, seafarers demonstrate their gratitude for Miranda's light maintenance during the storm by delivering garden soil to the island. The story ends with the lovely scene of Miranda planting flowers on her rocky island.

Minot's Ledge Light (From: Wikipedia)

In her Author's Note at the end of the book, Olson states that The Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter is a fictional combination of two historical facts: 1) the 1856 account of Abbie Burgess, 2) gardens were once planted every summer on Maine's Mount Desert Rock, only to be perennially washed away by winter storms. There are additional clues in the text as to the story's setting. The lighthouse is said to warn ships away from the dangers of Minot's Ledge. She also describes the island as being "miles and miles from shore." For readers who are attentive to the consistency of historical fiction with actual geography and the historical record, the setting of Olson's story is lost in a confusion of conflicting facts. For historical fiction, the reader's imagination longs to believe that the story could have happened, even if it did not actually happen. If story details conflict with known facts, then the imaginative illusion fails.

The story is generally supposed to occur on the coast of Maine. The news of Miranda's heroic effort to keep the lighthouse in operation "spread[s] all along the Maine coast." However, Olson specifies that Miranda's lighthouse is located on Minot's Ledge. Minot's Ledge is a barely submerged reef located one mile off the shore of Cohasset, Massachusetts--not Maine. There is a lighthouse on Minot's Ledge. However, Minot's Ledge Light is attached directly to the underwater ledge, with no island surrounding it. Furthermore, since its construction in the late 1840s, Minot's Ledge Light has always used an (at the time) cutting-edge Fresnel lens. In contrast, Olson has Miranda tending an older-style light with whale oil lamps and parabolic reflectors.

Mount Desert Light (From: www.nelights.com)

If we search for an actual lighthouse in Maine that is similar to Miranda's, there are at least two good candidates. One possibility is Mount Desert Light. Mount Desert Rock, as we have seen, is a barren island eighteen miles off the mainland with a long gardening history. Another possibility, Matinicus Rock Light, also eighteen miles off the mainland, was the historical scene of Abbie Burgess's heroism. But Matinicus Rock also has a fair amount of grassy vegetation and two lighthouse towers, unlike the single lighthouse in Olson's book.

There are several similarities between Abbie and Miranda. The lamp technology in both lighthouses was older than the Fresnel lens. They were oil lamps that needed more frequent tending. Abbie describes her practice with them:

Matinicus Rock Light (From: www.lighthousefriends.com)

"When we had care of the old lard oil lamps on Matinicus Rock, they were more difficult to tend than these lamps are, and sometimes they would not burn so well when first lighted, especially in cold weather when the oil got cold. Then, some nights, I could not sleep a wink all night though I knew the keeper himself was watching. And many nights I have watched the light my part of the night, thinking nervously, what might happen should the light fail. In all these years I always put the lamps in order and I lit them at sunset." (New England Historical Society)



Abbie and Miranda both come to the rescue of several hens endangered by the large storm waves washing over the island. Again, Abbie remembers:

"You know the hens were our only companions. Becoming convinced, as the gale increased, that unless they were brought into the house they would be lost, I said to mother: "I must try to save them." She advised me not to attempt it. The thought, however, of parting with them without an effort was not to be endured, so seizing a basket, I ran out a few yards after the rollers had passed and the sea fell off a little, with the water knee deep, to the coop, and rescued all but one. It was the work of a moment, and I was back in the house with the door fastened, but I was none too quick, for at that instant my little sister, standing at the window, exclaimed: "Oh, look! look there! the worst sea is coming.

That wave destroyed the old dwelling and swept the rock. I cannot think you would enjoy remaining here any great length of time for the sea is never still, and when agitated, its roar shuts out every other sound, even drowning our voices." (New England Historical Society)

But Olson distinguishes Miranda from Abbie in a number of ways. Sixteen years old at the time of her ordeal, Abbie was a few years older than Miranda appears to be in Wentworth's illustrations. While Miranda's mother keeps her company on the island while her father is away, Abbie was compelled to not only maintain the two lights, but also care for her ill mother and two younger sisters. Finally, there is nothing in the historical record (that I've encountered) to suggest that Abbie was particularly interested in flower gardening, as Miranda is.

The Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter, published in 1987, has not aged well. Elaine Wentworth's watercolor illustrations of the Maine coast are indistinct and dull. Even for a child who is interested in Maine, I think it would be difficult to get her to pick it up to read. I love the coastal scenery in which the story is set, but only mildly enjoyed the illustrations. Add to this the problem of the story's indistinct setting. I can understand why Olson did not locate the story on a particular island and lighthouse in Maine. She wanted to tell a story that combined Abbie Burgess's tale with Mount Desert Rock's history of gardening. But why mention Minot's Light in Massachusetts? This detail seems to serve no purpose in the plot. It only confuses the reader. For these reasons, I would not recommend this book to children, or even to any adults who are not, like me, so crazy for New England history and geography that they'll read everything ever published about it!


  

Storied Mountains, New England, and New York

Paddle-to-the-Sea might have paddled right past my grandmother's house! (Or would have, if he existed.) My childhood mind was occupied with thoughts such as these, mixing children's fiction with its many real story elements. Paddle-to-the-Sea is the name given by a boy to a toy wooden carving of an Indian in a canoe. Set afloat in Lake Superior, the toy has all sorts of adventures as it floats through the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, all the way to the Atlantic Ocean. If Paddle-to-the-Sea were real, he would have floated right past my childhood home in northern New York state. Even better, he would have floated in the St. Lawrence River right past my grandmother's house in Cape Vincent, New York. I can remember standing next to the river as a child, staring at the water and imagining Paddle-to-the-Sea floating by.

This blog is rooted in my fascination with place, specifically the places I know and love well. These are the places I've spent large amounts of my life in and with which I feel a deep connection. New York state, New England, Pennsylvania, the Appalachian Mountains. As a child (and adult), my imagination has extended beyond the real settings of fiction to the landscapes of history. I have often stood at a historically significant place, trying to visualize what happened there. "This probably happened near that tree. That building would not have been there at the time...." I have stood on the sidewalk near the New York Public Library in Manhattan while trying imagine a large hay field in which George Washington's Continental Army skirmished with British soldiers in 1776.

Of course, picturing the past and locating the events of fiction on a landscape involve much more than visualizing where this or that happened. What did a certain historical figure look like? What are the smells and sounds of history or of a fictional scene set in a real place, historical or contemporary? What were the sounds Johnny Tremain heard as he walked on Long Wharf in Boston at dawn?

This blog will explore the real aspects (places, historical figures, sounds, etc) of children's fiction. This focus will be on children's literature that is set in the places that I know and love: New England, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the Appalachian Mountains. The inspiration for this blog comes from Leonard Marcus's marvelous book, Storied City: A Children's Book, Walking Tour Guide to New York City. Marcus locates the fictional characters and events of children's literature on the landscape of New York City. In a sense, you could stand on certain street corners in Manhattan and imagine a parade of children's book characters walking by you, each engrossed in their own story plots. This is an idea that I'd like to expand beyond New York City to upstate New York and beyond, mapping out children's literature set in other places. In some cases, this map and landscape work will help the reader to better understand the story, as it would with an accompanying map for Lost on a Mountain in Maine, a true story/memoir. In other instances, it will simply satisfy the readers' curiosity.

Finally, for children's historical fiction, I'll add any insights I might have on historical or other contextual facts that help the reader to understand the story a little better. Perhaps there will be a few books in which the past was not portrayed, in my view, accurately. Or maybe the story's believability is in question after a closer look at the real facts of the setting. I'll note these interpretive problems and point readers to further nonfiction resources that establish the story's context.

I have always done this background investigation as I read children's literature. But with this blog, I'd like to share my insights and discoveries with you. Each post will focus on a single book and in addition to text, will contain maps, videos, pictures, and other devices to facilitate readers' understanding of what's real in children's literature.